Whether Rule 701's personal knowledge' requirement permits law enforcement officers to offer lay opinion testimony regarding an investigation when they have only after-the-fact knowledge that is not based on first-hand perception

Question Presented Federal Rule of Evidence 701 states that a lay witness’s opinion testimony must be rationally based on the witness’s perception. The Circuits have long been divided over whether Federal Rule of Evidence 701 permits law enforcement officers to offer lay opinion testimony regarding an investigation when they have only afterthe-fact knowledge that is not based on first-hand perception. Should the Court grant certiorari to resolve this conflict in how courts assess the important question of the definition of Rule 701’s “personal knowledge” requirement? i