I. Whether 18 U.S.C. §2251 authorizes conviction upon proof that materia ls used to
produce child pornog raphy once crosse d state lines at an unspecifie d prior occasion,
when there is no evidenc e that the production or possession of child pornog raphy
itself cause d such movement?

II. Whether Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution permits C ongress to
impose criminal sanc tions for all conduc t undertake n using ma terials that have
moved in interstate c ommerce , howeve r remotely , whether or not the cr iminal
conduct c aused suc h movement?

III. Whether the suff iciency of a f actua l basis for a de fenda nt's plea should be subjec t
to plain error revie w, or whe ther, unde r Sullivan v. Louisiana , 508 U.S. 275 (1993),
such a c ase la cks "a n object" upon w hich re view for harmless a nd plain err or may
opera te?

Whether 18 U.S.C. §2251 authorizes conviction upon proof that materials used to produce child-pornography crossed state-lines at an unspecified-prior-occasion