Whether unnamed class members under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 must have Article III standing for class certification

QUESTIONS PRESENTED Petitioner is an objecting class member in a mandatory Rule 23(b)(1) class-action settlement with prospective relief. — ‘ Though Class Counsel argued that Petitioner lacked Article III standing to receive prospective relief or to challenge such prospective settlement terms, the class-action was certified to settle Petitioner's individualized monetary claims, providing no right to opt-out. The questions presented are: : I. Whether unnamed class members under Federal Rule : of Civil Procedure 23 must have Article III standing for class certification (as four circuits have held), or must have Article IIT standing only before a court grants any relief (as ' two circuits have held), or need not demonstrate Article II standing for any form of relief sought (as four circuits have held). ’ II. Whether in personam claims for monetary relief can be certified for settlement purposes under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(1) to bind absent class members to a class action judgment, without providing a right to opt out under Due Process Clause and Rules Enabling Act. . @)