Whether Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure imposes a particularity requirement for pleading the reliance element of common law fraud claims

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure imposes a particularity requirement for pleading the reliance element of common law fraud claims. 2. Whether foreign investors’ exclusive reliance on misrepresentations contradicting English-language investment memoranda renders their reliance unjustifiable as a matter of law. 3. Whether company statements are attributable to the executives that are in charge of the company’s daily affairs.