Does the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards permit a nonsignatory to an arbitration agreement to compel arbitration based on the doctrine of equitable estoppel or similar principles of applicable law?

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Does the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the “New York Convention”) permit a nonsignatory to an arbitration agreement to compel arbitration based on the doctrine of equitable estoppel or similar principles of applicable law? 2. Is a foreign defendant’s right to stay litigation under Section 3 of the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. § 3) conditioned upon that defendant’s right to compel arbitration?