Whether the D.C. Circuit applied an unconstitutional rule of substantive liability

QUESTIONS PRESENTED Whether the D.C. Circuit applied an unconstitutional rule of substantive liability created by the D.C. Court of Appeals — the highest local court of the District of Columbia — _ specially targeting foreign sovereigns that lack immunity under the terrorism exception to sovereign immunity, 28 U.S.C. § 1605A(a). Whether the D.C. Circuit’s decision retroactively applying the new special liability rule of the D.C. Court of Appeals conflicts with this Court’s precedents in Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97 (1971), and Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244 (1994).