Whether the burden of proof for factual findings in a Presentence Report should be on the government or the defendant

QUESTION PRESENTED I. Whether (as the D.C., Second, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits hold, see United States v. Price, 409 F.3d 486, 444 (D.C. Cir. 2005; United States v. Helmsley, 941 F.2d 71, 98 (2d Cir. 1991); United States v. Poor Bear, 359 F.3d 1038, 1041 (8th Cir. 2004); United States v. Ameline, 409 F.3d 1073, 1085-86 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc); United States v. Martinez, 584 F.3d 1022, 1026 (11th Cir. 2009)) factual findings of a Presentence Report (PSR) that result in a higher sentence must be proven by the government in the face of objection, or whether (as the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Tenth Circuits hold, see United States v. Prochner, 417 F.3d 54, 65-66 (1st Cir. 2005); United States v. Campbell, 295 F.3d 398, 406 (3d Cir. 2002;) United States v. Valencia, 44 F.3d 269, 274 (5th Cir. 1995); United States v. Lang, 333 F.3d 678, 681-682 (6th Cir. 2003); United States v. Mustread, 42 F.3d 1097, 1102 (7th Cir. 1994); United States v. RodriguezDelma, 456 F.3d 1246, 1253 (10th Cir. 2006)) the defendant must disprove them? I. Whether the right of confrontation applies at sentencing? ii