Whether the immigration officer's handwritten notes and checkmarks on a naturalization application are 'testimonial' and subject to the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause

QUESTION PRESENTED The lower court in this case admitted into evidence an immigration officer’s handwritten notes and checkmarks on a naturalization application, made during a naturalization interview where Petitioner was placed under oath and directed to sign the application under penalty of perjury, and where his alleged oral misstatements were then used as the basis of a criminal prosecution against him. The question presented is whether those handwritten notes and checkmarks are “testimonial,” rendering the immigration officer a “witness” subject to Petitioner’s right of confrontation under the Sixth Amendment. i