Whether qualified immunity shields public-university officials from liability

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether qualified immunity shields publicuniversity officials from liability when the reasoning—but not the holding—of a binding decision gave the officials fair warning they were violating the First Amendment. 2. What degree of factual similarity must exist between a prior case and the case under review to overcome qualified immunity in the First Amendment context? 3. Whether public-university officials should be held to a higher standard than police officers and other on-the-ground enforcement officials for purposes of qualified immunity.