Whether a defendant who enters a guilty plea pursuant to a plea agreement that includes a purported inducement that he will receive an acceptance of responsibility reduction to his total offense level under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, but which (unbeknownst to him) cannot reduce his advisory sentencing range to anything other than 'life,' has entered a knowing, voluntary plea

Issues Presented 1. A defendant who enters a guilty plea pursuant to a plea agreement that includes a purported inducement that he will receive an acceptance of responsibility reduction to his total offense level under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, but which (unbeknownst to him) cannot reduce his advisory sentencing range to anything other than “life,” has not entered knowing, voluntary plea. 2. The United States Sentencing Guidelines are unconstitutional to the extent that they provide for the possibility that a defendant can enter a timely guilty plea instead of going to trial, and yet not receive any benefit for acceptance of responsibility when he is otherwise deserving of the reduction. i