1. Whether, when a defendant presents nonfrivolous mitigation arguments in favor of a lower sentence, a district court must address those arguments as part of its required sentence explanation under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c).

2. Whether a claim of procedural unreasonableness for inadequate explanation is preserved for appellate review without a specific objection, as the Fourth, Seventh, and Eleventh Circuits have held, or whether a specific objection is required to avoid plain-error review on appeal, as other circuits have held.

3. Whether a plainly inadequate explanation for a sentence within the imprisonment range calculated under the United States Sentencing Guidelines affects a defendant's substantial rights in the ordinary case.

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