Whether government agents can testify solely as lay witnesses under Rule 701 of the Federal Rules of Evidence

QUESTION PRESENTED Whether government agents can testify solely as lay witnesses under Rule 701 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, when they were not parties to the conversation and when their opinions are not rationally based on their perceptions, as held by the Ninth Circuit, in direct conflict with rules that the Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, and D.C. Circuits have adopted?