Jeff Garvin Smith, Cary Dale Vandiver, Patrick Michael McKeoun, David Randy Drozdowski, and Vincent John Witort v. United States
FirstAmendment DueProcess
Should the jury have been allowed to convict the defendants on the hypothetical existence of all of the elements of a RICO Conspiracy?
QUESTIONS PRESENTED Petitioners were convicted of RICO Conspiracy, 18 U.S.C. §1962(d). The district court inserted the future-tense language, “or would”, for all of the elements of the charge. The Sixth Circuit majority opinion affirmed, joining a minority of circuits. The majority of circuits require proof of the existence of an enterprise. The questions presented are: I. Should the jury have been allowed to convict the defendants on the hypothetical existence of all of the elements of a RICO Conspiracy? II. Did the jury instruction violate the defendants’ right to free speech in violation of the First Amendment by punishing mere talk?