Whether the affirmative consent waiver requirement set forth in Janus v. AFSCME applies to nonmembers currently or previously employed in agency shop arrangements, or to employees who sign an agreement to pay a union

QUESTION PRESENTED In Janus v. AFSCME, Council 31, 138 S. Ct. 2448, 2486 (2018), this Court held that no payment to a union may be deducted from a nonmembers’ paycheck unless a government employee “affirmatively consents” to waive her First Amendment rights not to pay money to a union. The question in this case is: For whom does this Court’s affirmative consent waiver requirement set forth in Janus apply: nonmembers currently or previously employed in agency shop arrangements, like Mark Janus—as several lower courts have held—or employees, like Petitioners, who sign an agreement to pay a union, such as union membership card or dues deduction authorization?