Whether denial of in forma pauperis application violates due-process, equal-protection, or privileges-of-citizens

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether it constitutes a violation of rights to procedural due process, where a Trial Court, and later a Circuit Court, have “erect[ed] a novel prudential standing principle in order to avoid reaching the merits of the constitutional claim,” Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004), abrogated by Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 572 U.S. 118 (2014), through denial of an application to proceed in forma pauperis, for arbitrary and capricious reasons, in abuse of discretion. Order, Webb v. City of Falls Church, Civil Action No. (E.D.Va. June 17, 2022); Order, Record No. 22-1699 (4th Cir. August 17, 2022); Order, Record No. 22-1699 (4th Cir. December 22, 2022). 2. Whether it constitutes a violation of rights to equal protection and substantive due process, or, in the alternative, a violation of the rights or privileges of citizens, where a Trial Court, and later a Circuit Court, have “erect[ed] a novel prudential standing principle in order to avoid reaching the merits of the constitutional claim,” Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist., 542 U.S., at 1, abrogated by Lexmark Int’l, Inc., 572 U.S., at 118, through denial of an application to proceed in forma pauperis. Order, City of Falls Church, Civil Action No. (E.D.Va. June 17, 2022); Order, Record No. 22-1699 (4th Cir. August 17, 2022); Order, Record No. 22-1699 (4th Cir. December 22, 2022). PARTIES AND