Whether federal second-degree murder is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)

Question Presented In Borden v. United States, 141 S.Ct. 1817, 1825 (2021), this Court held that, in order to qualify as a crime of violence, an offense must require proof that “the perpetrator direct his action at, or target, another individual.” Federal second degree murder, which can be committed with extreme recklessness, does not require proof that the perpetrator directed his action in such a manner. In light of this fact, the question in this case is whether the Ninth Circuit erred in holding that federal second degree murder is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3). i