Whether the Sixth Amendment's public trial guarantee extends to proceedings after a jury has been seated in which the court rules on challenged evidence or cross-examination

QUESTION PRESENTED Following the selection and swearing of a jury at petitioner Stacy Gallman’s trial, the district court excluded the public from proceedings during which it heard argument and ruled the defense would not be permitted to cross-examine two police officers concerning a complaint of racial profiling. Later that day, the court closed another hearing at which it heard testimony from a police department representative concerning a second citizen complaint. Gallman was subsequently found guilty and sentenced to a term of imprisonment. On appeal, the Third Circuit ruled the district court did not plainly err in closing the two hearings to the public. The question presented is: Whether the Sixth Amendment’s public trial guarantee extends to proceedings after a jury has been seated in which the court rules on challenged evidence or cross-examination. i