Securities and Exchange Commission v. George R. Jarkesy, Jr., et al.
1. Whether statutory provisions that empower the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to initiate
and adjudicate administrative enforcement proceedings
seeking civil penalties violate the Seventh Amendment.
2. Whether statutory provisions that authorize the
SEC to choose to enforce the securities laws through an
agency adjudication instead of filing a district court action violate the nondelegation doctrine.
3. Whether Congress violated Article II by granting
for-cause removal protection to administrative law
judges in agencies whose heads enjoy for-cause removal
protection.
Whether statutory provisions that empower the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to initiate and adjudicate administrative enforcement proceedings seeking civil penalties violate the Seventh Amendment