Should an important federal law from the Reconstruction Era be given its original public meaning or should it remain a virtual deadletter due to the gloss this Court placed on its text based on what its legislative history indicated about Congress's intent?

QUESTION PRESENTED 1. Should an important federal law from the Reconstruction Era— the removal act for criminal cases, 28 U.S.C. § 1443(1)—be given its original public meaning or should it remain a virtual deadletter due to the gloss this Court placed on its text based on what its legislative history indicated about Congress’s intent? 2. Must a federal court have authority in prior interpretive decisions of other courts before give the statutory phrase “at a later time,” 28 U.S.C. § 1455(b)(1), its plain meaning? 1