Whether the First Amendment waiver requirement identified by the Supreme Court in Janus applies to public-sector employees at the time they sign a union dues checkoff form, and then also after they resign membership and seek to stop dues deductions

QUESTIONS PRESENTED (1) Whether the First Amendment waiver requirement identified by the Supreme Court in Janus applies to public-sector employees at the time they sign a union dues checkoff form, and then also after they resign membership and seek to stop dues deductions. (2) Whether unions are state actors under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 when the union acts pursuant to state law to direct a public employer to deduct dues from employees who have not affirmatively consented.