Whether a post-removal amendment of the complaint defeats federal-question subject-matter jurisdiction

QUESTIONS PRESENTED This Petition presents two separate but related questions concerning the ability of a plaintiff, in an action properly removed to federal court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) on the basis of federal-question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, to compel a remand to state court by amending the complaint to omit federal questions: 1. Whether such a post-removal amendment of the complaint defeats federal-question subjectmatter jurisdiction. 2. Whether such a post-removal amendment of the complaint precludes a district court from exercising supplemental jurisdiction over the plaintiffs remaining state-law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367. Departing from every other circuit to consider these questions, the Eighth Circuit in this case answered each question in the affirmative and ordered a remand to state court, thereby providing a roadmap for any Eighth Circuit plaintiff determined to undermine a _ defendant’s exercise of removal jurisdiction. (i)