Whether the Ninth Circuit erred by holding that a defendant may be held liable for contributory trademark infringement only if it knows or has reason to know of, and fails to stop assisting, specific instances of infringement or specific infringers

QUESTION PRESENTED Whether the Ninth Circuit erred by holding, in direct conflict with the Second and Tenth Circuits, that a defendant may be held liable for contributory trademark infringement only insofar as it knows or has reason to know of, and fails to stop assisting, “specific instances of infringement or _ specific infringers,” App. 9-10a (emphasis added), even where the defendant otherwise knows or has reason to know that it is assisting trademark infringement and fails to take reasonable steps to stop providing such assistance.