Should a court of appeals review a judge's denial of a motion to recuse de novo or for an abuse of discretion?

QUESTION PRESENTED Shouid a court of appeals review a judge's denial of a motion to recuse de novo or for an abuse of discretion? Did Judge Brown himself created the appearance of impropriety when he brought the Federal Defender lawyer to replace Petitioner paid counsel, finding no grounds to have counsel appointed at public expense, that would reasonably. be perceived as coercive abuse of discretion? . ‘ .