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QUESTION(S) PRESENTED . 1. From whence does the Supreme Court's authority to create exceptions to the plain text of the Constitution derive? . 2. Did the decisions in New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747 (1982) and Osborne + Vv. Ohio; 495 U.S. 103 (1990) authorize a police power not granted by the Constitution to the federal government but intended to be reserved to the States? : 3. . Does the New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn., Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. (2022) decision suggest that restrictions imposed upon fundamental . : : Constitutional rights must have their roots in America's historic law? 4. Does the Constitution's Commerce Clause require interstate commerce in ~ . in order to confer federal jurisdiction? . i.