1. Whether Congress can empower a purportedly private nonprofit entity to regulate an entire industry nationwide through rulemaking, adjudication, and enforcement powers, and therefore to exercise significant authority pursuant to the laws of the United States, without proper appointments under the Appointments Clause of the U.S. Constitution.

2. In the alternative, whether statutorily empowering a private nonprofit corporation to regulate an entire industry nationwide through rulemaking, adjudication, and enforcement violates the private nondelegation doctrine.

Whether Congress can empower a private nonprofit entity to regulate an entire industry through rulemaking and enforcement without proper constitutional appointments