Armando Daniel Calderon v. United States
FourthAmendment CriminalProcedure
Does an officer violate a driver's Fourth Amendment property rights by continuing to seize a vehicle after the driver is in custody without independent reasonable suspicion?
QUESTIONS PRESENTED FOR REVIEW 1. Does an officer interfere with a driver’s property rights, in violation of the Fourth Amendment, by continuing to seize a vehicle after the driver is in other officers’ custody, without independent reasonable suspicion involving the vehicle or the person designated by the driver to take custody of it? 2. In order to establish a drug-distribution conspiracy between a government agent’s middleman and a putative seller of drugs, must there be evidence of their prolonged course of sales and shared stake therein? 3. Is a buyer and seller’s agreement to commit a further crime, beyond their single transaction, an essential element of a drug-distribution conspiracy between that buyer and seller, which must be provided to a jury sua sponte if a buyer-seller relationship is supported by substantial evidence? i