Whether any broad principle of law gives fair warning that it constitutes 'excessive force' in violation of the Fourth Amendment for a correctional officer to use passive restraint chairs to restrain pretrial detainees based on perceived security threats

Whether any broad principle of law gives fair warning that it constitutes “ exces sive force” in violation of the Fourth Amend ment of the Constitution for a correctional officer to use passive restraint chairs to restrain pretrial detainees whom the officer deter mine d posed a threat to jail security based on their conduct before and during arrest, during booking and interview ing, and other specific indicators based on the officer’s experience, although the detainees were not actively resisting at the time of the restraint. ii LIST OF PROCEEDINGS United States Court of Appeals (11th Cir.) No. 23-10934 United States , Plaintiff -Appellee v. Victor Hill , Def endant -Appellant Final Judg ment : April 29, 2024 Rehear ing En Banc Denied : August 22, 2024 _ U.S. District Court (N.D. Georgia, Atlanta Division) No. United States , Plaintiff v. Victor Hill, Defendant Final Judg ment : March 15, 2023