Under the Second and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, may New York punish an individual for failing to comply with the licensing regime that this Court examined in Bruen, even though, as Mr. Casas objected, and this Court confirmed, the proper-cause requirement was unconstitutional?

In New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen , 597 U.S. 1 (2022), this Court invalidated New York’s proper-cause requirement for obtaining a license to possess a firearm outside of the home an d “conclude[d] that the State’s licensing regime violates the Constitution.” Id. at 11. In this case, the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office prosecuted Lazarus Casas for possessing a firearm without a license under the very same regime th at this Court considered in Bruen . The question presented is: Under the Second and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, may New York punish an individual for failing to comply with the licensing regime that this Court examined in Bruen , even though, as Mr. Casas objected, and this Court confirmed, the proper-cause requirement was unconstitutional?