When do intentional actions designed to restrict the public's entry to the courtroom constitute a closure of constitutional significance that, unless the trial court follows the standards set out in Waller v. Georgia, 467 U.S. 39 (1984), results in structural error?

When do intentional actions designed to restrict the public’s entry to the courtroom constitute a closure of constitutional significance that , unless the trial court follow s the standards set out in Waller v. Georgia, 467 U.S. 39 (1984), results in structural error? iii PARTIES All parties appear in the caption of the case on the cover page.