Whether the Seventh Amendment's right to a trial by jury extends to issues of fact related to the exhaustion of administrative remedies

In SEC v. Jarkesy , 603 U.S. 109 (2024) , the Court held that a jury must decide claims that are “legal in nature,” which are assessed based on historical analogy and the remedy sought, with “money damages” being the “prototypical common law remedy.” Id. at 122-23. Petitioner Brian Estrada brought suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging excessive force and seeking money damages. Despite Mr. Estrada bringing a claim that was legal in nature, the Tenth Circuit found that a judge , not a jury, should decide issues of fact related to whether Mr. Estrada’s suit should be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. The ques tions presented are: 1. Whether the Seventh Amendment ’s right to a trial by jury extends to issues of fact related to the exhaustion of administrative remedies. This question is presented in the merits briefing in Perttu v. Richards , No. 23 -1324, scheduled for argument on February 25, 2025. 2. Whether a courthouse shooting is a “prison condition,” as that term is used in 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). (ii)