Whether Congress has violated federalism principles and the Tenth Amendment through the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA) by restricting state court liability actions against gun manufacturers

are: 1. Has Congress violated federalism principles and the Tenth Amendment by invading a core structural element of State sovereignty when PLCAA bars a State from imposing liability on gun manufacturers and sellers in certain instances based on judicial determinations under the common law , but allow s identical liability actions if the State impose s liability through legislative determinations ? 2. Has Congress in PLCAA legitimately exercised its authority over interstate commerce when it does not regulate commercial activity of the firearms industry but prohibits state courts from authorizing liability for certain actions against gun manufacturers and sellers while refrain ing from the same prohibitions when a state legislature authorizes identical liability -inducing actions?