Can a governmental entity 'significantly contribute' to a plaintiff's alleged harms in a manner sufficient to support Article III standing when the governmental entity merely issues non-coercive land use decisions allowing independent actions by third parties not before the court to take the actions that lead to and cause the plaintiffs' alleged harms?

is: Can a governmental entity “significantly contribute” to a plaintiff’s alleged harms in a manner sufficient to support Article III standing when the governmental entity merely issues non-coercive land use decisions allowing independent action s by third parties not before the court to take the actions that lead to and cause the plaintiffs’ alleged harms? 2. Statute of Limitations The Plaintiffs’ private cause of action alleges that St. James Parish, the Petitioner, engaged in a “longstanding pattern and practice of racially discriminatory land ii use decisions.” See Pet. App. 240a: Inclusive Louisiana, et al v. St. James Parish , 134 F.4th 297, 305 (5th Cir. 2025). The Plaintiffs judicially admit that, no later than 2014, they had actual kn owledge of this alleged pattern and practice and that even recent events are merely “further evidence of the continuing racially discriminatory land use patterns and practices that already existed in St. James Parish.” Pet. App. 99a: District Court Doc. 29, ¶291. At that point in time, they had the “right to apply to the court for relief” as to that pattern and practice and their claims accrued. Here, the Fifth Circuit failed to find that the limitations period accrued and began to run at the time the Plaintiffs admitted they became aware of the alleged pattern and practice. With regard to environmental justice claims and litigation, these types of “pattern or practice” allegations are utilized to evade the accrual of private causes of action and permit their filing long after the claims have become untimely. The question presented is: Whether a plaintiff’s alleged “longstanding pattern and practice of discrimination” claims accrue and begin the running of the statute of limitations at the moment the plaintiff admits it had knowledge of that pattern and practice? iii LIST OF ALL PARTIES The Petitioner is St. James Parish. The Petitioner was the defendant-appellee below. The Respondents are Inclusive Louisiana, Mount Triumph Baptist Church, and RISE St. James. The Respondents were below. iv LIST OF DIRECTLY