Whether the introduction of speculative lay opinion by a law enforcement officer violates the petitioner's Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights and evidentiary limitations under Federal Rule of Evidence 701

1. Whether the introduction of speculative lay opinion by a law enforcement officer, asserting a staged robbery without personal knowledge or expertise, violates the petitioner ’s rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, and contravenes evidentiary limi tations under Federal Rule of Evidence 701 and this Court ’s rulings in United States v. Anderskow and Daubert v. Merrell Dow. 2. Whether the government ’s use of testimonial hearsay in the form of narrative recitations by law enforcement agents —despite judicial rulings excluding the co-defendant ’s statements —violates the Confron tation Clause of the Sixth Amendment as articulated in Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004). 3. Whether a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 1035 (a)(2) for a false healthcare-related statement can stand absent evidence of material falsity, where treatment was in fact rendered, and no witness refuted the legitimacy of the petitioner ’s medical need. 11 LIST OF PROCEEDINGS U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit No. 24-1798 United States of America, Appellee v. Vinaykumar Patel, Appellant Final Opinion: June 4, 2025 Rehearing Denial: July 11, 2025 U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania Case No.: 4:21-CR-00235-02 United States of America v. Vinaykumar Patel Final Judgment: April 17, 2024