Whether the Fourth Amendment permits law enforcement to obtain a single historical location data point without a warrant via a prosecutor's subpoena

1. Whether, after Carpenter v. United States , 585 U.S. 296 (2018), the Fourth Amendment permits law enforcement to obtain a single historical location data point associated with a user account on a third-party marketplace application—without a warrant—via a prosecutor’s subpoena issued under state statute. 2. Whether the “third-party doctrine” from Smith v. Maryland , 442 U.S. 735 (1979), and United States v. Miller , 425 U.S. 435 (1976), exte nds to historical app-location data where the government seeks targeted historical coordinates for investigative use, rather than business records reflecti ng non-locational account activity.