Question not identified.

1. Whether , in light of Class v. United States , 138 S. Ct. 798, 200 L. Ed. 2d 37 (2018) , a guilty plea forecloses a defendant’s ability to raise, on direct appeal, a Fourth Amendment challenge to suspicionless, technology -driven surveillance — such as license -plate readers at unmanned checkpoints —where the legal basis for the claim was unsettled at the time of the plea .