Did the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals construe the 'Joint-Venture' doctrine too narrowly to comply with constitutional protections?

1. Did the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals construe the "Joint-Venture ” doctrine too narrowly to comply with constitutional protections? 2. Should the procedure the Fourth Circuit Courts followed in evaluating probable cause to an affidavit for search, of information provided by a known foreign law enforcement agency, been applied at a higher standard to comply with the Fourth Amendment? 3. Did the Fourth Circuit frame Supreme Court precedents at too high a level of generality and fail to properly apply the reasoning of those holdings to their decisions? 4. Should the Supreme Court update the instructions of Gates and Leon to better contend with modern invasive technology, and the dubious expant ion of elusive supranational law enforcement it empowers?