Whether 18 U.S.C. § 2251 authorizes conviction based on interstate material movement for child pornography production when no direct causal link exists between movement and offense

I. Whether 18 U.S.C. § 2251 authorizes conviction upon proof that mater ials used to produce child pornography once crossed state lines at an unspecified prior occasion, when there is no evidence that the production or possession of child pornography itself caused such movement? II. Whether Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution permits Congress to impose criminal sanctions for all conduct undertaken using materials that have moved in interstate commerce, however remotely, whether or not the criminal conduct caused such movement? iii PARTIES Kaleb Layne Nix is the petitioner; he was the defendant -appellant below. The United States of America is the respondent; it was the plaintiff -appellee below.