1. Whether the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA) exceeds Congress's Article I powers, particularly where the MDLEA is extended to the prosecution of a foreign citizen whose offense had no nexus to the United States?

2. Whether Congress exceeded its authority under the Felonies Clause by defining a "vessel without nationality" to include vessels that are not stateless under international law?

3. Whether the prosecution under the MDLEA of a foreign citizen whose offense had no nexus to the United States, violates the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?

Whether the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA) exceeds Congress's Article I powers and violates due process when prosecuting foreign citizens with no U.S. nexus