1. Whether the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permits a
state court to dismiss a litigant 's case on procedural grounds without affording the
litigant any opportunity to respond to the asserted defect.

2. Whether due process is satisfied when a state court enters a procedural
dismissal without providing any explanation for its ruling, thereby preventing the
litigant and reviewing courts from understanding or evaluating the basis for the
judgment.

3. Whether unexplained state-court dismissals that deny both participation and
transparency present a federal question reviewable by this Court when no state
court has issued a reasoned decision.

Whether the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permits a state court to dismiss a litigant's case on procedural grounds without affording the litigant any opportunity to respond to the asserted defect, and whether due process is satisfied when a state court enters a procedural dismissal without providing any explanation for its ruling