Whether federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) is a crime of violence under the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act's violent felony definition, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(i)

QUESTION PRESENTED ON REVIEW Given this Court’s holding in Carter v. United States, 530 U.S. 255, 268 (2000), that federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) is a general intent rather than a specific intent crime, and given decades of circuit precedent holding that intimidation under the statute is judged by the reasonable reaction of the listener rather than by the defendant’s intent, could reasonable jurists conclude that federal bank robbery is not a crime of violence under the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act’s violent felony definition, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(i), because the offense fails to require any intentional use, attempted use, or threatened use of violent physical force? i