Whether Illinois' proximate cause theory of liability for felony murder violates the Due Process Clauses and the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause

QUESTION PRESENTED FOR REVIEW Whether Illinois’ proximate cause theory of liability for felony murder, which allows a criminal defendant to be convicted of felony murder when the decedent is killed by a third party, violates the Due Process Clauses and the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the United States Constitution because it allows for a conviction in the absence of an applicable mental state, creates a mandatory irrebuttable presumption, and punishes a defendant as a murderer in the absence of a mental state. i ;