Younes Kabbaj v. United States
FirstAmendment
Whether a conviction for issuing a 'true threat' requires proof of defendant's subjective intent to threaten injury upon the person (physical body) of another
QUESTIONS PRESENTED It is a federal crime under both 18 U.S.C. §875 and §115 to threaten to injure the person (i.e. physical body) of another, yet not legally settled as to whether such offense conduct also qualifies to be defined as a “crime of violence” pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §16. Questions presented are: 1) Whether, consistent with the First Amendment and Elonis v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2001 (2015), a conviction for issuing a “true threat” requires proof of defendant’s subjective intent to threaten injury upon the person (physical body) of another; or whether intent to threaten injury to the reputation of another is enough to sustain a “true threat” conviction for felony “crime of violence, ” as upheld by Third Circuit’s interpretation of Zonis in this instant matier. ‘ 2) Whether, consistent with the Sixth Amendment and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), a defendant who is convicted for “threatened assault” under 18 U.S.C. §115 (after admitting a threat to injure the reputation of another) can be subject to felony punishment for offense conduct equally criminalized as misdemeanor “simple assault” under the same statute (as per the lower court’s interpretation of E/onis). To restate the question: Whether 18 U.S.C. §115 iS unconstitutionally vague under Apprendi for providing two different statutory maximum penalties to punish identical offense conduct criminalized as both misdemeanor “simple assault” 7 and felony “threatened assault.” 3) Whether, consistent with McCarthy v. United States, 394 U.S. 459 (1969), Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402 (1960), Godinez v. Moran, 509 U.S. 389 (1993), Indiana v. Edwards, 554 USS. 164 (2008), and the First and Fifth Amendments, a defendant can be prosecuted for “speech crimes” committed in response to illegal threats of violence and terrorism orchestrated against his family (and others) by the government, while simultaneously found “incompetent” to stand trial after government doctors falsely interpret all threats perceived by defendant as resulting from “schizophrenic delusions,” and wherein the court refuses to permit defendant his right to crossexamine these doctors and prove their forgeries, and instead directs defendant (after changing the law to criminalize threats to injure reputation) to enter an involuntary plea consistently declared by defendant to be induced by threats of violence and terrorism (whether real or imaginary).