| 25-651 |
Stanley Kappell Watson v. Shenekka Bradsher, et al. |
Eleventh Circuit |
2025-12-04 |
Pending |
Response Requested |
bankruptcy-code debt-discharge intentional-tort legal-injury subjective-intent willful-injury |
The Bankruptcy Code excepts from discharge any
debt "for willful and malicious injury by the debtor to
another entity or to the property of another … |
| 25-295 |
WG/Welch Mechanical Contractors, LLC v. International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail & Transportation Workers, Local Union 100 - Sheet Metal Division, et al. |
Fourth Circuit |
2025-09-15 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-procedure defamation first-amendment malicious-speech pleading-standard subjective-intent |
Whether a plaintiff in a malicious defamation claim must plead facts revealing a defendant's subjective state of mind or if a plausible allegation of … |
| 25-5345 |
Arturo Navarro-Zuniga v. United States |
Ninth Circuit |
2025-08-13 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
confession-admissibility criminal-procedure law-review miranda-warning objective-effectiveness subjective-intent |
When determining whether a confession made following a midstream Miranda warning is admissible, do courts consider the warning's objective effectivene… |
| 25-5117 |
George P. Naum, III v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2025-07-15 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
controlled-substances jury-instructions medical-purpose mens-rea plain-error subjective-intent |
Whether the Fourth Circuit unconstitutionally applied the plain error standard to affirm a physician's conviction where jury instructions misstated th… |
| 24-1274 |
R. Michael Cestaro v. Clarissa M. Rodriguez, Individually and in Her Official Capacity as Chair of the New York State Workers' Compensation Board, et al. |
Second Circuit |
2025-06-13 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
first-amendment mt-healthy public-employee retaliation section-1983 subjective-intent |
Whether a public employee's First Amendment retaliation claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 requires proof of subjective intent and distinct 'other conduct' … |
| 24-353 |
Elelake James Jefferson, Jr. v. Pennsylvania |
Pennsylvania |
2024-09-30 |
Denied |
|
consent-doctrine fourth-amendment schneckloth-standard subjective-intent totality-of-circumstances warrantless-search |
Whether a court should consider a defendant's subjective intent when assessing consent to a warrantless search under the totality of the circumstances… |
| 23-7668 |
Roylee Richardson v. United States |
Eighth Circuit |
2024-06-07 |
Denied |
IFP |
arthur-andersen-llp-v-united-states criminal-law federal-criminal-procedure federal-statute foreseeability official-proceeding statutory-interpretation subjective-intent witness-tampering |
Whether the federal witness tampering statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1512, requires proof that the defendant subjectively contemplated a federal official procee… |
| 23-7480 |
Sanjay Kumar v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2024-05-14 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
cheek-v-united-states criminal-defense criminal-procedure due-process good-faith-belief jury-instructions subjective-intent tax tax-crime willfulness |
whether-jury-instructions-on-willfulness-element-disregarded-defendant's-subjective-intent |
| 23-7473 |
Cody Ray Leveke, aka Cody Meyer, aka Cody Ray Meyers v. United States |
Eighth Circuit |
2024-05-14 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-intent criminal-law due-process first-amendment free-speech jury-instructions subjective-intent supreme-court supreme-court-precedent threat-standard |
Whether jury instructions based on Elonis v. United States (2015) sufficiently encompass the requirement of 'subjective intent to threaten,' as articu… |
| 22-1211 |
Uvaldo Guzman v. Skinner C. Sturgis, et al. |
Fifth Circuit |
2023-06-14 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
causation causation-element civil-rights constitutional-rights deliberate-indifference due-process government-officials retaliation retaliation-claim subjective-intent taunts |
Whether government officials' statements of intent to continue violating an individual's constitutional rights can establish subjective intent for del… |
| 22-6653 |
Jayson Montgomery v. United States |
Sixth Circuit |
2023-01-27 |
Denied |
IFP |
anti-kickback-statute circuit-split controlled-substances-act criminal-law due-process healthcare-fraud intent ruan-v-united-states subjective-intent |
Does the government need to prove subjective intent for anti-kickback statute violations? |
| 22-685 |
Jerry Wayne Wilkerson, et al. v. United States |
Sixth Circuit |
2023-01-24 |
Denied |
|
anti-kickback-statute commission-payment controlled-substances-act healthcare-fraud objective-intent-standard pharmacy-benefit prescription-marketing sixth-circuit subjective-intent |
Must the government establish subjective intent to engage in unlawful conduct in order to convict a defendant of healthcare fraud and violation of the… |
| 22-5621 |
Cody Ray Leveke, aka Cody Meyer, aka Cody Ray Meyers v. United States |
Eighth Circuit |
2022-09-20 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
constitutional-law criminal-communication criminal-law first-amendment free-speech jury-instruction statutory-interpretation subjective-intent true-threat |
Whether a true threat requires the specific intent to threaten violence |
| 22-138 |
Billy Raymond Counterman v. Colorado |
Colorado |
2022-08-11 |
Judgment Issued |
Amici (20)Relisted (5) |
first-amendment free-speech objective-standard reasonable-person speech-protection subjective-intent true-threats |
Whether the government must show subjective intent or objective 'reasonable person' standard to establish 'true threat' unprotected by First Amendment |
| 22-80 |
Frank Napolitano, et al. v. Laurence Washington |
Second Circuit |
2022-07-27 |
Denied |
Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) |
circuit-split credibility criminal-investigation law-enforcement probable-cause qualified-immunity subjective-intent warrant-application |
Whether the investigating officers are entitled to qualified immunity |
| 21-5086 |
Frank Craig Purpera, Jr. v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2021-07-13 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-intent criminal-law good-faith jury-instructions lawful-practice medical-malpractice medical-practice professional-ethics professional-standard subjective-intent subjective-standard |
Whether a physician alleged to have acted outside the 'lawful course of professional practice' is entitled to a good faith instruction defining good f… |
| 20-1745 |
Richard Sylvester v. United States |
First Circuit |
2021-06-16 |
Denied |
|
4th-amendment burden-of-proof community-caretaking fourth-amendment investigatory-motive law-enforcement-procedure police-policy probable-cause subjective-intent totality-of-circumstances vehicle-impound vehicle-impoundment |
whether-vehicle-impound-complies-with-4th-amendment |
| 20-457 |
MarketGraphics Research Group, Inc. v. David Peter Berge |
Sixth Circuit |
2020-10-08 |
Denied |
Amici (1) |
bankruptcy bankruptcy-discharge circuit-split debtor-liability discharge intent-standard objective-certainty statutory-interpretation subjective-intent willful-and-malicious-injury willful-injury |
Whether the 'willful and malicious injury' exception applies only where a debtor has a subjective intent to injure or may also be satisfied by conduct… |
| 19-6761 |
Younes Kabbaj v. United States |
Third Circuit |
2019-11-26 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
18-usc-115 18-usc-875 apprendi-v-new-jersey constitutional-vagueness crime-of-violence elonis-v-united-states first-amendment first-amendment-free-speech sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation subjective-intent true-threat true-threats |
Whether a conviction for issuing a 'true threat' requires proof of defendant's subjective intent to threaten injury upon the person (physical body) of… |
| 19-428 |
Ryan Courtade v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2019-10-01 |
Denied |
|
18-usc-2252 18-usc-2256 appellate-review child-pornography child-pornography-statute circuit-split due-process lascivious-exhibition standard-of-review statutory-interpretation subjective-intent |
When reviewing a district court's conclusion that an image depicts a 'lascivious exhibition' under 18 U.S.C. 2256(2)(A), must the appellate court revi… |
| 18-1549 |
Zimmer, Inc., et al. v. Stryker Corporation, et al. |
Federal Circuit |
2019-06-18 |
Denied |
|
enhanced-damages federal-circuit halo-v-pulse objective-recklessness patent-damages patent-law seagate-test subjective-intent willful-infringement willfulness |
Whether enhanced patent damages can be awarded without regard to whether there was an objectively high risk of infringement based on a finding of negl… |
| 18-1059 |
Bridget Anne Kelly v. United States |
Third Circuit |
2019-02-13 |
Judgment Issued |
Amici (4)Relisted (3) |
decision-making due-process fraud government government-fraud government-property legal-interpretation official-decision policy-reason property public-official public-policy subjective-intent |
Whether a public official 'defrauds' the government by advancing a 'public policy reason' for an official decision that is not her subjective 'real re… |
| 18-1001 |
Casey Brandon Sibley v. Arizona |
Arizona |
2019-02-01 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
constitutional-law criminal-prosecution first-amendment free-speech overbreadth-vagueness strict-scrutiny subjective-intent true-threat |
Whether the First Amendment requires proof of a speaker's subjective wrongful intent in order for speech to be deemed a 'true threat' subject to crimi… |
| 18-949 |
Jamal Knox v. Pennsylvania |
Pennsylvania |
2019-01-22 |
Denied |
Amici (8)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) |
criminal-threat first-amendment free-speech reasonable-person speech-protection subjective-intent terroristic-threats true-threat true-threats |
Whether a 'reasonable person' standard or a 'subjective intent' standard should apply to determine if a statement is a 'true threat' unprotected by th… |
| 18-7512 |
Ronald Jackson v. Illinois |
Illinois |
2019-01-22 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-rights compulsory-process confrontation-clause constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process evidentiary-ruling ineffective-assistance-of-counsel prosecutorial-misconduct right-to-a-fair-trial right-to-fair-trial sixth-amendment state-court subjective-intent |
Whether counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to adequately investigate and present exculpatory evidence |
| 18-476 |
Cowlitz County, Washington, et al. v. Jule Crowell, et al. |
Ninth Circuit |
2018-10-15 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2) |
14th-amendment 42-usc-1983 8th-amendment civil-rights deliberate-indifference due-process fourteenth-amendment medical-care monell monell-doctrine municipal-liability objective-reasonableness section-1983 serious-medical-needs subjective-intent |
Whether a pretrial detainee alleging Fourteenth Amendment claims of deliberate indifference to serious medical needs must show subjective intent or ob… |