totality-of-circumstances

44 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-6640 Juan Carlos Bejar-Guizar v. United States Ninth Circuit 2026-01-21 Pending Response WaivedIFP border-patrol fourth-amendment illegal-entry reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances Whether a court assessing the existence of reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment may exclude facts that show a likelihood of innocent behavi…
25-248 District of Columbia v. R.W. District of Columbia 2025-09-03 Pending Amici (3)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (5) fourth-amendment investigative-stop judicial-review law-enforcement reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances 1. Whether a court assessing the existence of reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment may exclude a fact known to the officer, or instead must…
25A169 Kristi Noem, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al. v. Pedro Vasquez Perdomo, et al. Ninth Circuit 2025-08-07 Presumed Complete Amici (2) fourth-amendment illegal-aliens immigration-enforcement investigative-stops reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances Whether the Fourth Amendment permits investigative stops of suspected illegal immigrants based on reasonable suspicion in a high-density immigration a…
25A63 District of Columbia v. R.W. District of Columbia 2025-07-16 Presumed Complete fourth-amendment investigative-stop probable-cause reasonable-suspicion terry-stop totality-of-circumstances 1. This case involves an important question regarding the constitutional standard for a police officer to conduct an investigative stop. It is well es…
24-1047 Ethel "Laverne" McVae, Individually and on Behalf of the Estate of Marcus McVae, Deceased, et al. v. Jesse Perez Fifth Circuit 2025-04-03 Denied Response Waived deadly-force fourth-amendment law-enforcement qualified-immunity totality-of-circumstances use-of-force Whether it is clearly established under the Fourth Amendment that a law enforcement officer may not use deadly force against an unarmed, fleeing perso…
24-931 Laurie Ann DeVore v. University of Kentucky Board of Trustees Sixth Circuit 2025-02-27 Denied Response Waived accommodation-process religious-discrimination sincerely-held-beliefs title-vii totality-of-circumstances undue-hardship Whether the dispute of sincerely held religious beliefs should be evaluated under a Totality of Circumstances test that resolves the dispute, not by i…
24-353 Elelake James Jefferson, Jr. v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2024-09-30 Denied consent-doctrine fourth-amendment schneckloth-standard subjective-intent totality-of-circumstances warrantless-search Whether a court should consider a defendant's subjective intent when assessing consent to a warrantless search under the totality of the circumstances…
23-6909 Arnold D. Holland v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-03-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure fourth-amendment probable-cause reasonable-suspicion search search-and-seizure supervised-release totality-of-circumstances Whether the Fourth Amendment applies to the act of searching or the initial decision to search, based on an objective standard considering the totalit…
23-6784 Khaled Elbeblawy v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-02-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP aedpa circuit-split constitutional-rights equitable-tolling habeas-corpus rigid-approach statute-of-limitations totality-of-circumstances Equitable Tolling under AEDPA
23-6348 Danial Leanos v. Illinois Illinois 2023-12-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP confession confidentiality constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process interrogation interrogation-tactics miranda-rights suspect-waiver totality-of-circumstances Should an interrogator's promise of confidentiality invalidate a suspect's Miranda waiver only if it immediately induces them to confess, or should it…
23-520 Titus Thompson v. United States Second Circuit 2023-11-16 Denied Response Waived fourth-amendment illinois-v-gates informant-reliability oath probable-cause totality-of-circumstances warrant warrant-issuance Whether the 'totality of the circumstances' standard for evaluating informant reliability has been undermined
23-410 Estate of Gabriel Strickland, et al. v. Nevada County, California, et al. Ninth Circuit 2023-10-19 Denied 42-usc-1983 civil-rights deadly-force graham-factors graham-v-connor objective-reasonableness section-1983 totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances use-of-force Whether the reasonableness of an officer's use of deadly force should be evaluated solely upon the circumstances of the final moment or upon the 'tota…
23-221 Andrew H. Zoellick v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2023-09-08 Denied Response Waived 4th-amendment civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment jurisprudential-definition mitigating-factors probable-cause reasonable-suspicion totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Whether the absence of any jurisprudential definition of the term 'totality' has led to the degradation of the Fourth Amendment totality of the circum…
23-5120 Clim Eugene Murphy Thomas v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-07-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment civil-rights consensual-encounter consent-search due-process fifth-circuit law-enforcement police-encounter racial-profiling totality-of-circumstances Whether the Fifth Circuit improperly applied its totality-of-the-circumstances analysis by ignoring race in petitioner's confrontation
22-768 Angie Waller, et al. v. Richard Hoeppner, et al. Fifth Circuit 2023-02-15 Denied Response Waived civil-rights-act fourth-amendment graham-v-connor municipal-liability reasonableness reasonableness-standard search-and-seizure tennessee-v-garner totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Does the Fifth Circuit's 'narrowed' test of reasonableness of a search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment conflict with the Supreme Court's decisio…
22-6698 Robert Hadley Gross v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-02-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law first-impression frivolity ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-merit non-frivolous-appeal rational-defendant roe-v-flores-ortega totality-of-circumstances Is the Roe v. Flores-Ortega test for a non-frivolous appeal issue a case of first impression?
21-726 Augustin Torres Gonzalez v. Steven Hahl, et al. Second Circuit 2021-11-17 Denied Response Waived arrest-standard civil-rights due-process false-arrest investigative-procedure judicial-review law-enforcement malicious-prosecution pendent-jurisdiction probable-cause state-policy totality-of-circumstances whether-officer's-deviations-from-policy-vitiated-probable-cause
21-6223 Aaron Martin Mercado-Gracia v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-11-09 Denied IFP 4th-amendment consent fourth-amendment police-questioning race racial-profiling reasonable-person reasonable-person-standard totality-of-circumstances traffic-stop Whether the person's race is a factor in determining if a person objectively believed he could refuse an officer's request to answer more questions af…
21-533 Brad Martin, Individually and as an Employee of the Arizona Department of Public Safety, et al. v. Carlos Castro Ninth Circuit 2021-10-12 Denied Amici (1) clearly-established-law fourth-amendment k9-deployment law-enforcement qualified-immunity reasonable-force totality-of-circumstances use-of-force violent-crime when-law-enforcement-officer-deploys-k9-to-restrain-fleeing-suspect
21-5913 Desmond S. Gaines v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-10-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment 911-tip anonymous-tip anonymous-tips corroboration drug-sales reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure seizure terry-stop totality-of-circumstances Whether an anonymous 911 tip that implies the person sold drugs in a public area provides reasonable suspicion to seize the person without first corro…
20-1745 Richard Sylvester v. United States First Circuit 2021-06-16 Denied 4th-amendment burden-of-proof community-caretaking fourth-amendment investigatory-motive law-enforcement-procedure police-policy probable-cause subjective-intent totality-of-circumstances vehicle-impound vehicle-impoundment whether-vehicle-impound-complies-with-4th-amendment
20-1685 Scott Fulford, et al. v. George Wingate Fourth Circuit 2021-06-04 Denied civil-liability fourth-amendment law-enforcement-training qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion terry-stop totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Whether the Fourth Amendment requires that seemingly innocent factors be eliminated from the totality of the circumstances analysis for a Terry stop, …
20-1340 Amanuel Gebrengus Atsemet v. Texas Texas 2021-03-24 Denied circuit-court-split constitutional-right-to-travel constitutional-rights fourth-amendment license-plate-profiling marijuana-legalization reasonable-suspicion right-to-travel totality-of-circumstances When applying the 'totality of the circumstances' test for reasonable suspicion in a state that has criminalized marijuana, does the consideration of …
20-7102 Toheed Ahmed v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-02-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment circuit-split dog-sniff high-crime-area motion-to-suppress racial-profiling tenth-circuit totality-of-circumstances traffic-stop Was the Tenth Circuit correct in affirming the denial of Mr. Ahmed's motion to suppress evidence
20-886 Thelma G. McCoy v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-01-04 Denied Amici (3) bankruptcy bankruptcy-code brunner-test circuit-split student-loan-debt student-loans totality-of-circumstances totality-test undue-hardship Whether the Fifth Circuit erred in applying the Brunner test instead of the totality test to determine whether a debtor would suffer an 'undue hardshi…
20-752 Gavin B. Davis v. California California 2020-12-01 Denied Relisted (2) appeal appellate-review civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process judicial-discretion plea-bargaining plea-withdrawal sentencing totality-of-circumstances Did the 4% Dist., Div. 1, Court of Appeal, California, err in its inquiry and application of Boykin-Tahl analysis under its 'totality of circumstances…
20-5843 Courtney C. Brown v. Wisconsin Wisconsin 2020-09-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment constitutional-rights fourth-amendment police-authority reasonable-suspicion rodriguez-v-us search search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances traffic-stop Should the Court reverse Pennsylvania v. Mimms?
20-5507 Laci Landers v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-08-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP appellate-review criminal-procedure discretionary-review drug-offense guidelines judicial-review reasonableness reasonableness-standard revocation-sentence sentencing sentencing-guidelines totality-of-circumstances Whether the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has so far departed from the accepted and usual course of judicial pr…
20-5261 Michael Fred Houston v. Texas Texas 2020-08-05 Denied IFP court-of-appeals criminal-procedure due-process eyewitness-identification identification-testimony motion-to-suppress reliability-standard suggestive-identification suggestive-procedure totality-of-circumstances witness-reliability Does the in-court identification meet the reliability standard under the totality of the circumstances, even though the confrontation procedure was su…
20-5085 Joe Edward Johnson v. California California 2020-07-16 Denied Amici (1)Relisted (5)IFP batson-challenge criminal-procedure due-process faretta-motion faretta-v-california jury-selection legal-timeliness self-representation timeliness totality-of-circumstances Whether a pretrial request for self-representation can be held 'untimely'
19-1267 Ford Motor Company of Canada, Ltd. v. George Bell, et al. California 2020-05-05 Denied Response Waived circuit-split civil-procedure control judicial-interpretation legal-standing litigation-control non-party preclusion preclusion-doctrine rigid-test rigid-two-part-test totality-of-circumstances Whether 'control' is assessed based on the totality of the circumstances, as seven courts of appeals have held, or using a rigid two-part test, as fou…
19-8334 James Butler v. United States Sixth Circuit 2020-04-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure custody due-process fifth-amendment miranda-rights miranda-warning police-interrogation totality-of-circumstances If a statement by the presiding officer that the defendant is not 'under arrest' precludes a finding of custody despite the totality of the circumstan…
19-426 Pennsylvania v. Michael J. Hicks Pennsylvania 2019-10-01 Denied Amici (1) 4th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-analysis due-process element-or-defense-test firearm-possession innocent-scenarios law-enforcement police-officer police-stop reasonable-suspicion stop totality-of-circumstances Whether the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision is contrary to SCOTUS precedent on reasonable suspicion analysis
19-345 Dorian Johnson v. City of Ferguson, Missouri, et al. Eighth Circuit 2019-09-17 Denied civil-rights constitutional-rights fourth-amendment move-on-order police-encounter public-space reasonable-person-standard seizure totality-of-circumstances use-of-force Whether a person can be 'seized' when he is not confined to a particular space
19-5429 Cantrell Lamont Burwell v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-08-01 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 4th-amendment appellate-procedure clear-error consent-search consent-to-search de-novo de-novo-review eleventh-circuit fourth-amendment standard-of-review totality-of-circumstances Whether an appellate court should review de novo or for clear error a district court's finding that a defendant did not voluntarily consent to a searc…
19-88 Wadith Stockinger Nader, et ux. v. City of Papillion, Nebraska, et al. Eighth Circuit 2019-07-17 Denied Response Waived absolute-immunity eighth-circuit fourth-amendment law-enforcement probable-cause prosecutorial-immunity search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Can an unverified tip constitute probable cause for arrest?
18-9523 Amnon Ami Levi v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-06-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP custodial-interrogation isolation language-abilities miranda-rights miranda-v-arizona neutral-location police-domination police-isolation totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances voluntariness Whether factors of police domination and isolation can result in custodial interrogation within the meaning of Miranda v. Arizona
18-9110 Darius T. Murphy v. New Jersey New Jersey 2019-05-02 Denied IFP actual-innocence civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process evidence evidentiary-standard legal-claim misidentification totality-of-circumstances What spectrum of evidence is required to prove actual innocence claim?
18-8433 Emond Durea Logan v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-03-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-proceedings effective-assistance-of-counsel plea-negotiations sixth-amendment strickland-v-washington totality-of-circumstances Whether a defendant may be entitled to relief for an attorney's ineffective assistance, even if another attorney offered reasonable advice
18-7914 Jay Maurice Tharps v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-02-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment anonymous-informant drug-trafficking fourth-amendment leon-exception leon-good-faith-exception partially-rotten-fruit probable-cause search-warrant totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances Whether the Fourth Circuit erred in determining that probable cause existed
18-7846 Reginald Hough v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-02-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment confrontation-clause evidence expert-testimony fifth-amendment lay-witness police-procedure probable-cause search-warrant totality-of-circumstances Was there probable cause for the search warrant?
18-7600 Johnathan Holt v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-01-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-procedure custody custody-analysis interrogation law-enforcement-interrogation miranda-custody miranda-v-arizona objective-analysis personal-mobility sixth-circuit sixth-circuit-interpretation totality-of-circumstances Whether a court must evaluate all of the circumstances surrounding the interrogation, including a lack of personal mobility, when deciding whether a p…
18-5987 Ajohntae Hammond v. United States Tenth Circuit 2018-09-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment circuit-split fourth-amendment officer-safety police-discretion pretext probable-cause qualified-immunity reasonable-suspicion search-and-seizure totality-of-circumstances totality-of-the-circumstances warrantless-search Whether a police officer's fear for safety justified a warrantless search
18-323 Suzan Evans, Individually and as Wife and Next of Kin of Scott Evans, Deceased v. United States, et al. Sixth Circuit 2018-09-12 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) circuit-split constitutional-law excessive-force fourth-amendment graham-v-connor police-conduct reasonableness-standard tennessee-v-garner totality-of-circumstances use-of-force Whether the totality of the circumstances test for assessing the reasonableness of a use of force under Tennessee v. Garner and Graham v. Connor requi…