Can an unverified tip constitute probable cause for arrest?

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Can an unverified tip which was the basis for a lawful search, and which was disproved during the course of the lawful search, by itself constitute sufficient probable cause to make an arrest? 2. Did the Eighth Circuit improperly apply the totality of the circumstances test in making a determination that arguable probable cause existed? [illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)? 3. Did the Eighth Circuit improperly expand the doctrine of absolute immunity in contradiction of Van de Kamp v. Goldstein, 555 U.S. 335, 343 (2009); Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259 (1993)? ii II. STATEMENT OF RELATED CASES Nader, et al. v. The City of Papillion, et al., No. 8:17CV83, U.S. District Court for the District of Nebraska. Judgment entered January 29, 2018. Nader, et al. v. The City of Papillion, et al., No. 18-1402, US. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Judgment entered March 8, 2019; Petition for Rehearing denied April 15, 2019. iii UI.