No. 21-476

303 Creative LLC, et al. v. Aubrey Elenis, et al.

Lower Court: Tenth Circuit
Docketed: 2021-09-28
Status: Judgment Issued
Type: Paid
Amici (90)Relisted (4) Experienced Counsel
Tags: anti-discrimination-law compelled-speech content-based content-based-regulation free-exercise free-speech religious-beliefs religious-liberty viewpoint-discrimination
Key Terms:
Antitrust FirstAmendment DueProcess CriminalProcedure JusticiabilityDoctri
Latest Conference: 2022-02-18 (distributed 4 times)
Question Presented (AI Summary)

Whether applying a law to compel an artist to speak or stay silent, contrary to the artist's sincerely held religious beliefs, violates the Free Speech or Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment

Question Presented (OCR Extract)

QUESTIONS PRESENTED Artist Lorie Smith is a website designer who creates original, online content consistent with her faith. She plans to (1) design wedding websites promoting her understanding of marriage, and (2) post a statement explaining that she can only speak messages consistent with her faith. But the Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act (CADA) requires her to create custom websites celebrating same-sex marriage and prohibits her statement—even though Colorado stipulates that she “work[s] with all people regardless of ... sexual orientation.” App.53a, 184a. The Tenth Circuit applied strict scrutiny and astonishingly concluded that the government may, based on content and viewpoint, force Lorie to convey messages that violate her religious beliefs and restrict her from explaining her faith. The court also upheld CADA under Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), even though CADA creates a “gerrymander” where secular artists can decline to speak but religious artists cannot, meaning the government can compel its approved messages. The questions presented are: 1. Whether applying a law to compel an artist to speak or stay silent, contrary to the artist’s sincerely held religious beliefs, violates the Free Speech or Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment. 2. Whether a law that authorizes secular but not religious exemptions is generally applicable under Smith, and if so, whether this Court should overrule Smith.

Docket Entries

2023-08-01
Judgment issued.
2023-06-30
Judgment REVERSED. Gorsuch, J., delivered the <a href = 'https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-476_c185.pdf'>opinion</a> of the Court, in which Roberts, C. J., and Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined. Sotomayor, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Kagan and Jackson, JJ., joined.
2022-12-05
Argued. For petitioners: Kristen K. Waggoner, Washington, D. C. For respondents: Eric R. Olson, Solicitor General, Denver, Colo.; and Brian H. Fletcher, Deputy Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (for United States, as amicus curiae.)
2022-10-28
Record requested from the U.S.C.A. 10th Circuit.
2022-10-28
Record received from the U.S.C.A. 10th Circuit. The record is available on PACER.
2022-10-25
CIRCULATED.
2022-10-18
SET FOR ARGUMENT on Monday, December 5, 2022.
2022-10-03
Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument GRANTED.
2022-09-12
Reply of petitioners 303 Creative LLC, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Local Governments and Mayors filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of 30 Religious, Civil Rights, and Grassroots Organizations filed. (Aug. 26, 2022)
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Ilan H. Meyer, PhD and Other Social Scientists and Legal Scholars filed. (Aug. 26, 2022)
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Former U.S. Representative Anthony (“Tony”) Coelho, et al. filed. (Aug. 30, 2022)
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of American Psychological Association, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amicus curiae of United States filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Public Accommodations Law Scholars filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Modern Military Association of America, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of First Amendment Scholars (Six) filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of First Amendment Scholars (Eight) filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amicus curiae of Tobias Barrington Wolff filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Scholars of Behavioral Science and Economics filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amicus curiae of American Bar Association filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of American Civil Liberties Union, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of National League of Cities, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amicus curiae of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of 27+ Lay Roman Catholics filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of 137 Members of Congress filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Adventist Forum, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amicus curiae of Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious filed.
2022-08-19
Brief amici curiae of Massachusetts, et al. filed.
2022-08-19
Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae, for divided argument, and for enlargement of time for oral argument filed.
2022-08-18
Brief amici curiae of National Women's Law Center, et al. filed.
2022-08-18
Brief amicus curiae of New York State Bar Association filed.
2022-08-18
Brief amicus curiae of Public Citizen filed.
2022-08-18
Brief amici curiae of The Freedom From Religion Foundation, et al. filed.
2022-08-18
Brief amici curiae of The Western Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church, et al. filed.
2022-08-12
Brief of respondents Aubrey Elenis, et al. filed.
2022-08-11
Letter pursuant to Rule 35.3 filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of The First Amendment Scholars filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Center for Religious Expression filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Life Legal Defense Foundation and Bioethics Defense Fund filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Young America's Foundation filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Walk for Life West Coast, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Scholars of Family and Sexuality filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of 15 Family Policy Organizations filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of United States Senators and Representatives filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Professor Christopher R. Green filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Multimedia Production Professionals filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Law and Economics Scholars filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Mountain States Legal Foundation filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Robert P. George filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of CatholicVote.org Education Fund filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Aaron and Melissa Klein filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Professor Kent Greenfield in support of neither party filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Arizona, Nebraska, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Family Research Council filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Christian Family Coalition (CFC) Florida, Inc. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Thomas More Law Center filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amicus curiae of Association of Certified Biblical Counselors Inc. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Public Advocate of the United States, et al. filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Creative Professionals and George and Maxine Maynard in support of neither party filed.
2022-06-02
Brief amici curiae of Ethics and Public Policy Center, et al. filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amicus curiae of Americans for Prosperity Foundation filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amici curiae of Christian Legal Society and Free Speech Advocates filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amicus curiae of Legal Scholar Adam J. Macleod filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amici curiae of C12 Group, et al. filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amicus curiae of Liberty Counsel filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amici curiae of Mark Janus, et al. filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amicus curiae of Lonang Institute filed.
2022-06-01
Brief amici curiae of Tyndale House Publishers, et al. filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amicus curiae of Website and Graphic Designers in support of neither party filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amicus curiae of Alabama Center for Law and Liberty filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amici curiae of National Association of Evangelicals, et al. filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amicus curiae of Institute for Faith and Family filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amicus curiae of Concerned Women for America filed.
2022-05-31
Brief amici curiae of Prof. Dale Carpenter, et al. filed.
2022-05-27
Brief amici curiae of Colorado State Legislators filed.
2022-05-27
Brief amicus curiae of The Freedom and Justice Foundation, Inc. filed.
2022-05-26
Brief amicus curiae of Claremont Institue's Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence filed.
2022-05-26
Brief of petitioners 303 Creative LLC, et al. filed.
2022-05-26
Joint appendix filed.
2022-05-21
Brief amicus curiae of David Boyle in support of neither party filed.
2022-04-11
Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, Aubrey Elenis, et al.
2022-03-22
Motion of the parties to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits granted in part. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioners' brief on the merits is extended to and including May 26, 2022. The time to file respondents' brief on the merits is extended to and including August 12, 2022.
2022-03-10
Blanket Consent filed by Petitioner, 303 Creative LLC, et al.
2022-03-04
Motion of the parties for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed.
2022-02-22
Petition GRANTED limited to the following question: Whether applying a public-accommodation law to compel an artist to speak or stay silent violates the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment.
2022-02-11
DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/18/2022.
2022-02-08
Supplemental brief of petitioners 303 Creative LLC, et al. filed.
2022-02-04
Supplemental brief of respondents Aubrey Elenis, et al. filed.
2022-01-18
DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/21/2022.
2022-01-10
DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/14/2022.
2021-12-22
DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/7/2022.
2021-12-22
Reply of petitioners 303 Creative LLC, et al. filed. (Distributed)
2021-12-08
Brief of respondents Aubrey Elenis, et al. in opposition filed.
2021-10-29
Brief amici curiae of National Religious Broadcasters, et al. filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of Tyndale House Publishers et al. filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amicus curiae of Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of United States Senators and Representatives filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amicus curiae of Mountain States Legal Foundation filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amicus curiae of Public Trust Institute filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of Arizona, et al. filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of First Amendment Scholars et al. filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amicus curiae of Institute for Free Speech filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of Law and Economics Scholars filed.
2021-10-28
Brief amici curiae of Public Advocate of the United States, et al. filed.
2021-10-27
Brief amici curiae of the Cato Institute, et al. filed.
2021-10-26
Brief amici curiae of Institute for Faith and Family and Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty filed.
2021-10-22
Brief amicus curiae of Americans for Prosperity Foundation filed.
2021-10-08
Motion to extend the time to file a response is granted in part and the time is extended to and including December 8, 2021.
2021-10-07
Motion to extend the time to file a response from October 28, 2021 to December 10, 2021, submitted to The Clerk.
2021-09-24
Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due October 28, 2021)

Attorneys

137 Members of Congress
Peter T. BarburCravath, Swaine & Moore, Amicus
Peter T. BarburCravath, Swaine & Moore, Amicus
15 Family Policy Organizations
David Austin FrenchThe Dispatch, Amicus
David Austin FrenchThe Dispatch, Amicus
27+ Lay Roman Catholics
James K. Riley — Amicus
James K. Riley — Amicus
30 Religious, Civil Rights, and Grassroots Organizations
Jessica Lynn EllsworthHogan Lovells US, LLP, Amicus
Jessica Lynn EllsworthHogan Lovells US, LLP, Amicus
303 Creative LLC, et al.
Kristen Kellie WaggonerAlliance Defending Freedom, Petitioner
Kristen Kellie WaggonerAlliance Defending Freedom, Petitioner
Aaron and Melissa Klein
Kelly J. ShackelfordFirst Liberty Institute, Amicus
Kelly J. ShackelfordFirst Liberty Institute, Amicus
Adventist Forum, et al.
Juan Otoniel PerlaCurtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP, Amicus
Juan Otoniel PerlaCurtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP, Amicus
Alabama Center for Law and Liberty
Matthew James ClarkAlabama Center for Law and Liberty, Amicus
Matthew James ClarkAlabama Center for Law and Liberty, Amicus
American Bar Association
Donald B. Verrilli Jr.Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Amicus
Donald B. Verrilli Jr.Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Amicus
American Civil Liberties Union and American Civil Liberties Union of Colorado
David D. ColeAmerican Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Amicus
David D. ColeAmerican Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Amicus
American Psychological Association, National Association of Social Workers, and Colorado Psychological Association
Jessica Ring AmunsonJenner & Block LLP, Amicus
Jessica Ring AmunsonJenner & Block LLP, Amicus
Tassity Shardae JohnsonJenner & Block LLP, Amicus
Tassity Shardae JohnsonJenner & Block LLP, Amicus
Americans for Prosperity Foundation
Cynthia Fleming CrawfordAmericans for Prosperity Foundation, Amicus
Cynthia Fleming CrawfordAmericans for Prosperity Foundation, Amicus
Arizona, Nebraska, et al.
Michael Shawn CatlettArizona Attorney General's Office, Office of the Solicitor General, Amicus
Michael Shawn CatlettArizona Attorney General's Office, Office of the Solicitor General, Amicus
Association of Certified Biblical Counselors Inc.
Michael Steven OveringLaw Offices of Michael S. Overing, APC, Amicus
Michael Steven OveringLaw Offices of Michael S. Overing, APC, Amicus
Aubrey Elenis, et al.
Eric Reuel OlsonSolicitor General, Respondent
Eric Reuel OlsonSolicitor General, Respondent
Brief for Scholars of Behavioral Science and Economics
Josephine Kendra PetrickHanson Bridgett LLP, Amicus
Josephine Kendra PetrickHanson Bridgett LLP, Amicus
C12 Group, Christian Employers Alliance, and Pinnacle Forum
Tim NewtonMurphy and Grantland, P.A., Amicus
Tim NewtonMurphy and Grantland, P.A., Amicus
CatholicVote.org Education Fund
Scott William Gaylord — Amicus
Scott William Gaylord — Amicus
Center for Religious Expression
Nathan W. KellumCenter For Religious Expression, Amicus
Nathan W. KellumCenter For Religious Expression, Amicus
Christian Family Coalition (CFC) Florida, Inc.
Dennis Grossman — Amicus
Dennis Grossman — Amicus
Christian Legal Society and Free Speech Advocates
Walter M. WeberFree Speech Advocates, Amicus
Walter M. WeberFree Speech Advocates, Amicus
Claremont Institue's Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence
Anthony Thomas CasoConstitutional Counsel Group, Amicus
Anthony Thomas CasoConstitutional Counsel Group, Amicus
Colorado State Legislators
William WagnerGreat Lakes Justice Center, Amicus
William WagnerGreat Lakes Justice Center, Amicus
Concerned Women for America
Steven Werner FitschenNational Legal Foundation, Amicus
Steven Werner FitschenNational Legal Foundation, Amicus
Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, The Association for Biblical Higher Education, and Several Individual Religious Colleges and Universities
Gene Clayton SchaerrSchaerr | Jaffe, Amicus
Gene Clayton SchaerrSchaerr | Jaffe, Amicus
Creative Professionals and George and Maxine Maynard
Miles Edward ColemanNelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Amicus
Miles Edward ColemanNelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Amicus
David Boyle
David Christopher Boyle — Amicus
David Christopher Boyle — Amicus
Ethics and Public Policy Center and African American and Civil Rights Organizations
Jeffrey Michael TrissellLiMandri & Jonna LLP, Amicus
Jeffrey Michael TrissellLiMandri & Jonna LLP, Amicus
Family Research Council
Jonathan Radford WhiteheadLaw Offices of Jonathan R. Whitehead, LLC, Amicus
Jonathan Radford WhiteheadLaw Offices of Jonathan R. Whitehead, LLC, Amicus
First Amendment Scholars (Eight)
Meaghan Elizabeth McLaine VerGowO'Melveny & Myers LLP, Amicus
Meaghan Elizabeth McLaine VerGowO'Melveny & Myers LLP, Amicus
First Amendment Scholars (Six)
Brianne Jenna GorodConstitutional Accountability Center, Amicus
Brianne Jenna GorodConstitutional Accountability Center, Amicus
Former U.S. Representative Anthony (“Tony”) Coelho, et al.
Sanford Jay RosenRosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP, Amicus
Sanford Jay RosenRosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP, Amicus
GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders, The Human Rights Campaign, Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., The National Center for Lesbian Rights, and The National LGBTQ Task Force
Mary L. BonautoGLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders, Amicus
Mary L. BonautoGLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders, Amicus
Ilan H. Meyer, PhD and Other Social Scientists and Legal Scholars
Stephen Blake KinnairdPaul Hastings LLP, Amicus
Stephen Blake KinnairdPaul Hastings LLP, Amicus
Institute for Faith and Family
Deborah Dewart — Amicus
Deborah Dewart — Amicus
Institute for Faith and Family and Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty
Deborah Dewart — Amicus
Institute for Free Speech
Owen Dennis YeatesInstitute for Free Speech, Amicus
Owen Dennis YeatesInstitute for Free Speech, Amicus
Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty
Howard Nathan SlughJewish Coalition for Religious Liberty, Amicus
Howard Nathan SlughJewish Coalition for Religious Liberty, Amicus
Law and Economics Scholars
Sean Paul GatesCharis Lex P.C., Amicus
Sean Paul GatesCharis Lex P.C., Amicus
Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al.
Sarah Patricia HogarthMcDermott Will & Emery LLP, Amicus
Sarah Patricia HogarthMcDermott Will & Emery LLP, Amicus
Legal Scholar Adam J. Macleod
Jeffrey A. ShaferLangdon Law LLC, Amicus
Jeffrey A. ShaferLangdon Law LLC, Amicus
Liberty Counsel
Mathew D. StaverLiberty Counsel, Amicus
Mathew D. StaverLiberty Counsel, Amicus
Life Legal Defense Foundation and Bioethics Defense Fund
Catherine Wynne ShortLife Legal Defense Foundation, Amicus
Catherine Wynne ShortLife Legal Defense Foundation, Amicus
Lonang Institute
Kerry Lee MorganPentiuk, Couvreur, & Kobiljak, P.C., Amicus
Kerry Lee MorganPentiuk, Couvreur, & Kobiljak, P.C., Amicus
Mark Janus, National National Institute of Family and Life Advocates, Care Net, and Heartbeat International, Inc.
Jeffrey Michael SchwabLiberty Justice Center, Amicus
Jeffrey Michael SchwabLiberty Justice Center, Amicus
Massachusetts et al.
Elizabeth Napier DewarOffice of the Attorney General, Amicus
Elizabeth Napier DewarOffice of the Attorney General, Amicus
Mayor London Breed and the City and County of San Francisco
Julie H. WilenskySan Francisco City Attorney's Office, Amicus
Julie H. WilenskySan Francisco City Attorney's Office, Amicus
Modern Military Association of America and Minority Veterans of America
Michael Evan BernLatham & Watkins LLP, Amicus
Michael Evan BernLatham & Watkins LLP, Amicus
Mountain States Legal Foundation
William E. TrachmanMountain States Legal Foundation, Amicus
William E. TrachmanMountain States Legal Foundation, Amicus
Multimedia Production Professionals
John Clay SullivanS|L Law PLLC, Amicus
NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc.
Samuel SpitalNAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., Amicus
Samuel SpitalNAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., Amicus
National Association of Evangelicals, et al.
Frederick W. Claybrook Jr.Claybrook, LLC, Amicus
Frederick W. Claybrook Jr.Claybrook, LLC, Amicus
National League of Cities et al.
Aileen Marie McGrathAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, Amicus
Aileen Marie McGrathAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, Amicus
National Religious Broadcasters; American Family Association; The Briner Institute; Christian Professional Photographers; The Walk TV; and Turning Point USA
John Clay SullivanS|L Law PLLC, Amicus
John Clay SullivanS|L Law PLLC, Amicus
National Women's Law Center et al.
Megan Louise RodgersCovington & Burling LLP, Amicus
Megan Louise RodgersCovington & Burling LLP, Amicus
New York State Bar Association
Sherry Levin WallachNew York State Bar Association, Amicus
Sherry Levin WallachNew York State Bar Association, Amicus
Prof. Dale Carpenter, Prof. Eugene Volokh, Ilya Shapiro, American Unity Fund, and Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute
Eugene VolokhUCLA School of Law, Amicus
Eugene VolokhUCLA School of Law, Amicus
Professor Christopher R. Green
Christopher Raymond GreenAttorney at Law, Amicus
Christopher Raymond GreenAttorney at Law, Amicus
Professor Kent Greenfield
Daniel Adam RubensOrrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Amicus
Daniel Adam RubensOrrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Amicus
Public Accommodations Law Scholars
Joshua Adam MatzKaplan Hecker & Fink LLP, Amicus
Joshua Adam MatzKaplan Hecker & Fink LLP, Amicus
Public Advocate of the United States, et al.
William Jeffrey OlsonWilliam J. Olson, P.C., Amicus
William Jeffrey OlsonWilliam J. Olson, P.C., Amicus
Public Citizen
Scott Lawrence NelsonPublic Citizen Litigation Group, Amicus
Scott Lawrence NelsonPublic Citizen Litigation Group, Amicus
Public Trust Institute
Andrew Martin NussbaumNussbaum, Speir, and Gleason, Amicus
Andrew Martin NussbaumNussbaum, Speir, and Gleason, Amicus
Robert P. George
Edward Mark WengerHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky & Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
Edward Mark WengerHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky & Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
Scholars of Family and Sexuality
Dean Robert BroylesThe National Center for Law and Policy, Amicus
Dean Robert BroylesThe National Center for Law and Policy, Amicus
Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious
Robert John WardSchulte Roth & Zabel LLP, Amicus
Robert John WardSchulte Roth & Zabel LLP, Amicus
The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty
Eric Christopher RassbachThe Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, Amicus
Eric Christopher RassbachThe Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, Amicus
The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights
Jonathan Philip LienhardHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
Jonathan Philip LienhardHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
The Cato Institute and Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute
Ilya ShapiroCato Institute, Amicus
Ilya ShapiroCato Institute, Amicus
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, et al.
Richard Shawn GunnarsonKirton McConkie, Amicus
Richard Shawn GunnarsonKirton McConkie, Amicus
The First Amendment Scholars
Kenneth Clark DainesHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky & Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
Kenneth Clark DainesHoltzman Vogel Baran Torchinsky & Josefiak PLLC, Amicus
The Freedom and Justice Foundation, Inc.
David Charles McGrailMcGrail & Bensinger LLP, Amicus
David Charles McGrailMcGrail & Bensinger LLP, Amicus
The Freedom From Religion Foundation, Center for Inquiry, American Humanist Association and American Atheists
Patrick C ElliottFreedom From Religion Foundation, Amicus
Patrick C ElliottFreedom From Religion Foundation, Amicus
The Western Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church, et al.
Roy T. Englert Jr.Kramer Levin Robbins Russell, Amicus
Roy T. Englert Jr.Kramer Levin Robbins Russell, Amicus
Thomas More Law Center
Erin Elizabeth MersinoThomas More Law Center, Amicus
Erin Elizabeth MersinoThomas More Law Center, Amicus
Tobias Barrington Wolff
Eric Alan StonePaul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Amicus
Eric Alan StonePaul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Amicus
Tyndale House Publishers; Peachtree Publishing Services, LLC; The Foundry Publishing; Harvest House Publishers, Inc.; The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago; Warner Press, Inc.; Two Words Publishing, LLC; Blue Ridge Christian News; Tennessee Baptist and Ref
Christopher E. MillsSpero Law LLC, Amicus
Christopher E. MillsSpero Law LLC, Amicus
Tyndale House Publishers; Peachtree Publishing Services, LLC; The Foundry Publishing; Harvest House Publishers, Inc.; Urban Ministries, Inc.; Whitaker House; The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago; Warner Press, Inc.
Christopher Ernest MillsSpero Law LLC, Amicus
Christopher Ernest MillsSpero Law LLC, Amicus
United States
Elizabeth B. PrelogarSolicitor General, Amicus
Elizabeth B. PrelogarSolicitor General, Amicus
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Colorado Catholic Conference, The General Council of the Assemblies of God, The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, and Samaritan’s Purse
Eric Nieuwenhuis KniffinLewis Roca Rothgerber Christie LLP, Amicus
Eric Nieuwenhuis KniffinLewis Roca Rothgerber Christie LLP, Amicus
United States Senators and Representatives
John Michael ConnollyConsovoy McCarthy PLLC, Amicus
John Michael ConnollyConsovoy McCarthy PLLC, Amicus
Walk for Life West Coast, Arizona Life Coalition, and Coalition for Life of Iowa
Samuel David GreenReason for Life, Amicus
Samuel David GreenReason for Life, Amicus
Website and Graphic Designers
William L. Esser IVParker Poe Adams & Bemstein LLP, Amicus
William L. Esser IVParker Poe Adams & Bemstein LLP, Amicus
Young America's Foundation
David H. ThompsonCooper & Kirk, PLLC, Amicus
David H. ThompsonCooper & Kirk, PLLC, Amicus