Where officers work together in concerted action to 'produce' reasonable suspicion when there is none to affect a traffic stop with the sole purpose of removing a backseat passenger from the vehicle, under what circumstances does such stop and seizure violate the Fourth Amendment Rights (as applied through the Fourteenth Amendment) of the backseat passenger?

QUESTION PRESENTED Where officers work together in concerted action to “produce” reasonable suspicion when there is none to affect a traffic stop with the sole purpose of removing a backseat passenger from the vehicle, under what circumstances does such stop and seizure violate the Fourth Amendment Rights (as applied through the Fourteenth Amendment) of the backseat passenger? 2