Should this Court overrule or reconsider Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York?

QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Should this Court overrule in its entirety, or reconsider parts of, Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104 (1978)? 2. Does the “economic impact” of a regulation on the subject property have to approach total loss of use and value to weigh in favor of a taking under Penn Central, as the District Court and Ninth Circuit held below? 3. Cana property owner ever have “distinct investmentbacked expectations” for the beneficial use of property, for purposes of alleging a Penn Central taking, if restrictive downzoning is adopted before development of the property is undertaken? 4. Should the “character of the government action” prong of Penn Central be expunged from takings analysis as conflicting with Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 US 419 (1982) and Lingle v. Chevron USA Inc., 544 US 528 (2005)? 5. Does a zoning regulation that places property in a zone for which no beneficial uses are authorized violate the categorical taking rule of Lucas v. South Carolina?