Whether a police officer detours from the lawful mission of a traffic stop by ordering that the driver of a car exit the vehicle for the sole purpose of facilitating a separate, unsupported investigation into criminal activity

Question Presented for Review Like other temporary detentions of private individuals, “the tolerable duration of police inquiries in the traffic-stop context is determined by the seizure’s ‘mission.” Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348, 354 (2015). Police tasks that lack a “close connection to roadway safety” detour from the seizure’s mission, as “do safety precautions taken to facilitate such detours.” Jd. at 356. When measurably lengthening the detention, such off-mission tasks violate the Fourth Amendment, unless independently supported by reasonable suspicion. Id. at 356-58. The question presented is whether a police officer detours from the lawful mission of a traffic stop by ordering that the driver of a car exit the vehicle for the sole purpose of facilitating a separate, unsupported investigation into criminal activity. i