This petition presents an issue of national and constitutional significance under the Military Selective Service Act, which requires men, but not women, to register with the Selective Service System, to be called upon to serve in the military if the President initiates a draft.

1. Standing: Whether the individual Plaintiffs have standing under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, established by allegations of a concrete and particularized injury-in-fact; and whether the organizational Plaintiff possesses standing by virtue of an injury to itself or through the injuries sustained by its members. Whether leave to amend the complaint should have been granted.

2. Justiciable: Whether this Court's continued deference to Congress concerning the male-only registration requirement of the Act is consistent with constitutional principles and judicial standards of review.

3. Constitutional: The paramount question is whether the male-only registration requirement is discrimination on the basis of sex and therefore a violation of Petitioners' Fifth Amendment guarantee of equal protection.

Whether the Military Selective Service Act's male-only registration requirement violates the Fifth Amendment's equal protection guarantee and whether petitioners have Article III standing to challenge this sex-based discrimination